Solar Energy (Solar Photovoltaic Panels)

Solar PV panels are commonly known for converting sunlight into electricity. While they are now often referred to as converting sunlight into electricity, this is actually more accurate.

On any given day, throughout the year, solar PV can generate electricity. This is because the technology behind solar PV has advanced rapidly, and the most advanced panels are highly effective and efficient—even here in the UK!

Solar PV operates on sunlight, so energy is still produced on cloudy or overcast days. Obviously, panels produce more power in bright sunlight than on overcast days.

There are regional variations in output across the country, but these are very small. Accurate weather records have been maintained for many years, and annual output and regional variations can be predicted with considerable accuracy.

Orientation

Most solar PV panels are ideally mounted on rooftops, facing south or southeast. Domestic solar panels should be angled between 30° and 40° to the horizontal for maximum efficiency.

Panels can be mounted anywhere from east to west to generate energy. Facing south is ideal, but any orientation in a southerly arc should achieve at least 85% efficiency.

Open exposure is important, as any shading, such as from tall trees or other buildings, will block the light from reaching the PV cells. Low temperatures don't affect output—it's determined purely by the quality of the light.

No Planning Permission Required

Planning permission is generally not required unless the structure is located on a listed building. (Prince Charles recently received planning permission from Westminster Council to install solar panels on the roof of Clarence House.)

How PV Works...

Solar PV cells convert natural sunlight and sunlight into electricity that can be used to light and run domestic or office appliances in homes or businesses.

As the panels produce direct current, an inverter is installed to convert the output to alternating current. The system is connected to the national grid and operates alongside the traditional electricity supply. When more power is needed than your solar system can provide, such as at night or when electricity is drawn from the grid, it's necessary to provide it. If your solar system generates more power than you need, the excess electricity is exported and sold back to the grid. Meters are installed so you can monitor how your system is performing.